Caterpie

Caterpie is a small entry for both languages.

The English name is definitely meant to make us think of caterpillar which is the wormlike larva stage of a butterfly or a moth.

The Japanese name for Caterpie is written in Katakana as キャタピー (kyatapī). We won't need to translate to Hiragana as it isn't relevant this time.

The Japanese word for caterpillar is けむし (kemushi) which doesn't sound the same at all. It is therefore my belief that the Katakana word キャタピラ (kyatapira) is the most likely reference to the Japanese name for Caterpie. It means caterpillar track or continuous track​.

The first description of キャタピラ mentions caterpillar, but what of the word track? Well, the official Pokédex entry describes キャタピー (aka Caterpie) as Its short feet are tipped with suction pads that enable it to tirelessly climb slopes and walls. That Pokédex entry makes me think that our caterpillar-like friend, キャタピー, can continuously track across any terrain and lives up to its name.

Curiously, the end of Caterpie's Japanese name (if doubled) could form ピーピー which is an onomatopoeia in Japanese for the chirping or whistling sound made by birds and insects.

Bonus fact: Caterpie was the first Pokémon that Ash Ketchum ever caught during his grand adventure in the original Pokémon anime series.